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Ethics and Integrity Addressing Police Misconduct U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), October 2000. Laws enforced by the Department of Justice in maintaining integrity for federal officers. Bad Cops: A Study of Career-Ending Misconduct Among New York City Police Officers National Institute of Justice (NIJ), September 2006. This study examined the personal and career histories of all 1,543 New York City police officers who were involuntarily dismissed from the department for misconduct during 1975-96; they were compared with a randomly selected sample of their Police Academy classmates who had served honorably. (NCJ 215795) Citizen Review of Police: Approaches and Implementation National Institute of Justice (NIJ), 2001. An assessment of nine approaches to citizen oversight for jurisdictions interested in creating or enhancing an oversight system. It discusses the types of citizen oversight, potential benefits of oversight systems, limitations to citizen review, oversight responsibilities, staffing issues, and potential conflicts between oversight bodies and police departments. (NCJ 184430) Civilian Oversight of the Police in the United States Police Assessment Resource Center (PARC), 2003. The article discusses the history of policing and police reform in the United States and explores approaches to civilian oversight, including independent monitors, civilian review boards and "pattern or practice" consent decrees. Coping with Police Misconduct in West Virginia United States Commission on Civil Rights (USCCR), January 2004. This report describes the ongoing problem of police brutality, and existing law and structure to address disciplinary issues; reviews past legislative attempts to reform disciplinary procedures; and discusses alternative models and methods, such as accountability and incentive strategies, used successfully elsewhere. Corruption To Increase Dramatically National Institute of Ethics, 2005. Brief overview of methods for preventing corruption through hiring practices. Curbing Police Brutality: What Works? A Reanalysis of Citizen Complaints at the Organizational Level, Final Report National Institute of Justice (NIJ), November 1999. An analysis of data on citizen complaints against police use of excessive force. (NCJ 192518) Developing and Sustaining a Culture of Integrity International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), April 2006. The senior leaders of the Virginia Beach Police Department recognized that their priorities and actions must be the centerpiece for developing and sustaining an organizational culture of integrity. In assuming this leadership responsibility, they launched three major initiatives: leadership and management development, an internal organizational focus, and an external organizational focus. Employee Conduct: Investigations & Discipline Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), September 2006. This guidebook explains the police employee conduct investigation and discipline processes of the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department (CMPD). It also discusses the Department's rationale for adopting each procedure and discipline philosophy. Designed based on focus group discussions with citizens and employees, the guidebook aims to inform and inspire greater public trust in the CMPD by creating confidence in these processes. The 34-page guidebook was developed with funding from the COPS Office, and was written by Bill Geller, of Geller & Associates, in collaboration with Major Ken Miller of the CMPD Internal Affairs Bureau. Enhancing Police Integrity National Institute of Justice (NIJ), December 2005. This Research for Practice summarizes the survey findings and includes an assessment tool that police chiefs can use to measure integrity within their departments. (NCJ 209269) Ethics Toolkit Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), n.d. This toolkit, a joint partnership between COPS and the IACP, addresses police ethics and serves as a call to action and a resource for law enforcement agencies. Local agencies using the activities and programs contained in the toolkit will heighten the awareness and visibility of law enforcement's ethical standards both internally and externally. The tools, including, but not limited to the oath of honor, reports, model policies, training, and a bibliography, will engage an agency in the building blocks of high ethical standards and to demonstrate a department's commitment to ethics and professionalism to the community. Evaluating the Effects of Fatigue on Police Patrol Officers: Final Report National Institute of Justice (NIJ), February 2000. The study analyzed data on police work hours, work hour policies and procedures, accidents, injuries, illnesses, misconduct, and citizen complaints. It included self-report surveys and focus groups involving officers and their families, as well as data derived from computer-based noninvasive eye reaction tests of readiness for duty. (NCJ 184188) Gender Differences in Leniency Towards Police Misconduct University of Maribor, Slovenia, September 2004. The questionnaire had been used previously to measure police integrity in the United States, Croatia, and Poland. It presents 11 brief scenarios of corrupt police behaviors that include the acceptance of gratuities, favoritism toward coworkers and friends who have broken the law, police use of excessive force, police killing of a fleeing suspect, filing of a false report, and rudeness toward the subject of a traffic stop. Respondents were asked to evaluate the seriousness of officer misconduct in each scenario, as well as the appropriate discipline, willingness to report the incident, and belief about other officers' willingness to report the misconduct. The focus of the analysis was on whether there were gender differences in the willingness of the respondents to report each scenario to appropriate supervisors, as well as the rationale for reporting or not reporting the misconduct. (NCJ 207999) Global Forum on Fighting Corruption: Final Conference Report U.S. Department of State, September 1999. This is a summation of a conference in which participants addressed the significance of corruption, the link between economic governance and the private sector and corruption, ethics regimes in the public sector, legal frameworks and enforcement authorities, religious values and the struggle against corruption, and integrity and corruption issues according to specific groups of officials. The conference resulted in the formulation of guiding principles for fighting corruption and safeguarding integrity among justice and security officials. How and Why a Department or Jail Becomes Corrupt National Institute of Ethics, 2005. Brief overview of the pitfalls that department managers face in maintaining high ethical standards. Managing the Problem Employee Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), November 2004. Tips on how to identify and properly deal with problematic employees. Measurement of Police Integrity National Institute of Justice (NIJ), May 2000. Following an overview of research pertinent to police officers' understanding of agency rules concerning police misconduct and the extent of their support for these rules, this paper reports on a survey that solicited information in key areas that form the foundation of an occupational/organizational culture theory of police integrity. (NCJ 181465) National Association for Civilian Oversight of Law Enforcement National Association for Civilian Oversight of Law Enforcement (NACOLE), n.d. Web site with information on oversight in policing. National Criminal Justice Reference Service n.d. The National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) is a federally funded resource offering justice and substance abuse information to support research, policy, and program development worldwide. National Institute of Ethics National Institute of Ethics, n.d. Web site for the nation's largest provider of training that helps prevent employee misconduct and enhances integrity. As a congressional award-winning, nonprofit, 501(c)(3) organization dedicated to furthering ethics and integrity throughout the United States, it provides integrity related certification programs, video training tapes, manuals, books, cartoon consulting, seminars, and processes that help prevent unethical acts. It also presents state-of-the-art seminars that involve high levels of participant interaction. Police Attitudes Towards Abuse of Authority National Institute of Justice (NIJ), 2000. With the assistance of 9 tables, this NIJ Research in Brief discusses the general findings of a national survey that explores police officers' views on the abuse of police authority. The brief particularly notes the roles that race, class, rank, sex, demeanor, and ideals of community-oriented policing play in determining the likelihood of abuse of authority. (NCJ 181312) Police Ethics Trainings’ State-of-the-Art Now More Effective and Comprehensive National Institute of Ethics, n.d. Brief overview of the need for ethics training in law enforcement agencies. Police Integrity and Accountability in Philadelphia U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), 2004. This study explored indicators of potential problem behavior in police officers, as well as officer attitudes and beliefs concerning police work. (NCJ 207823) Police Perjury U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), April 2000. A study of 508 New York City police officers that used the factorial survey method to determine the underlying conditions and circumstances that an officer would take into account when deciding to commit perjury. (NCJ 181241) Principles for Promoting Police Integrity U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), January 2001. Based on recommendations of a 1999 national conference ("Strengthening Police-Community Relationships") that brought together police executives, union representatives, academic experts, and civil rights and community leaders, this booklet presents principles for police practices that build community trust, enhance police accountability, and reduce police misconduct. (NCJ 186189) Principles of Good Policing: Avoiding Violence between Police and Citizens School Violence Research Center, September 2003. This publication will assist law enforcement agencies in reducing the incidence of violence between police officers and citizens. Principles of Police Integrity: Examples of Promising Police Practices and Roles; Principles for Promoting Police Integrity U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), January 2001. A diverse law enforcement agency can better develop relationships with the community it serves, promote trust in the fairness of law enforcement, and facilitate effective policing by encouraging citizen support and cooperation. Agencies should identify and maintain ongoing working relationships with local, regional, and national minority and women’s organizations and seek their assistance in publicizing the agency’s commitment to diversity and in recruiting qualified minorities and women candidates. Law enforcement agencies must ensure that their hiring processes operate fairly on the basis of race, sex, and national origin and do not present unnecessary barriers to the employment of minorities or women. (NCJ 186189) Self-Accountability: The Ultimate Leadership Tool National Institute of Ethics, 2005. Brief overview of good administration as way to prevent ethical dysfunction by implementing strict self-accountability. Standards of Conduct and Disciplinary Process Maryland Department of Juvenile Justice, 2000. The Standards of Conduct are intended to ensure fairness and parity in the handling of disciplinary matters and the imposition and appeal of sanctions. The procedures and time frames are structured to protect the procedural rights of employees and the integrity of the Department's programs and facilities. Street Cop Ethics National Law Enforcement Recruiter Association (NLERA), March 2001. Tips on ethics for police trainees and a quiz on street cop ethics. Originally published in "The Law Enforcement Trainer." (NCJ 201727) The Code of Silence Antidote National Institute of Ethics, 2005. Brief overview of methods for preventing corruption by eliminating the code of silence. The Institute for Criminal Justice Ethics The Institute for Criminal Justice Ethics, n.d., Web site for the only nonprofit, university-based center of its kind in the United States, was established to foster greater concern for ethical issues among practitioners and scholars in the criminal justice field. Turning Necessity Into Virtue: Pittsburgh's Experience With a Federal Consent Decree Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), 2002. This report examines the 5-year experience of the police and citizens of Pittsburgh under a federal court consent decree (statement of specific policy and practice changes the city must make), drawing lessons for other cities. Use of Force Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), 2003. A COPS Office Community Policing Topic on police use of force that includes a discussion of the subject along with descriptions of guides and reports and training and technical assistance resources. When Excessive Use of Force Occurs Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), 2005. Brief overview of survey results dealing with the code of silence.
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